2. Passive Components

Passive components do not require power to operate and are essential for managing electrical signals. They are the backbone of electronic circuits, contributing to signal conditioning, energy storage, and current regulation.

2.1 Resistors

• What It Is: Components that limit electrical current flow and divide voltage.
• How They Work: Convert electrical energy into heat, following Ohm's Law (V = IR). The heat dissipates through the resistor’s body.
• Types: Carbon film, metal film, wire-wound.
• Uses: Voltage dividers, pull-up/pull-down circuits, current limiting.
• Manufacturing Process: Made by depositing resistive material (e.g., carbon or metal) onto a substrate, shaping it to achieve the desired resistance value.
• Major Manufacturers: Vishay, Yageo, Bourns.
• [Video Placeholder: How Resistors Are Made]

2.2 Capacitors

• What It Is: Components that store and release electrical energy in an electric field.
• How They Work: Charges accumulate on two conductive plates separated by a dielectric material when voltage is applied.
• Types: Ceramic, electrolytic, tantalum, film.
• Uses: Power smoothing, decoupling, timing circuits.
• Manufacturing Process: Layers of conductive and dielectric materials are alternately stacked or wound, then sealed.
• Major Manufacturers: Murata, KEMET, AVX.
• [Video Placeholder: How Capacitors Are Made]